The Relationship between Leisure Time Participation, Automatic Thought and Life Satisfaction in Pre-Service Teachers
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine pre-service teachers' leisure time participation, automatic thought and life satisfaction levels according to some variables and to determine the relationship between them. A sample of 862 (468 female, 394 male) pre-service teachers studying a state university provided responses. In the study, 'Life Satisfaction Scale' (LSS) and 'Revised Automatic Thought Questionnaire (ATQ-R)' were administered on the participants. Descriptive statistical methods, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analyses were used in the data analysis. Pre-service teachers' automatic thought perceptions were at low level, while life satisfaction perceptions were at middle level. The scores of the LSS and ATQ-R did not differ significantly according to gender, department and grade level. While the scores of ATQ-R did not differ significantly according to income and leisure time evaluation, the scores of LSS differed significantly. On the other hand, the scores of both LSS and the ATQ-R differed significantly according to the frequency of participation in recreational activities. And also, there was a negative and moderate correlation between pre-service teachers’ life satisfaction and automatic thought perceptions. Results showed that the life satisfaction and automatic thought perceptions of male and female students did not change. It was determined that the participants' life satisfaction and automatic thought perceptions did not differ according to department and grade level. In addition, participants with high income and pre-service teachers who stated that they participate in social, cultural and artistic activities in leisure time had higher life satisfaction. As participation recreational activities in leisure time increased, the life satisfaction perception increased, and the perception of automatic thought decreased. In addition, as the participants' life satisfaction perceptions increased, their automatic thought perceptions also decreased.
Keywords: Automatic Thought Perception, Leisure Time, Life Satisfaction, Pre-Service Teacher
Full Text:
PDFReferences
REFERENCES
Ak, S. (2019). The investigation of relationship between problematic internet usage on department of educational science students and various psychosocial features. [Unpulished master's thesis]. Uludağ University.
Akbulut, V., Akbulut, B. A., Öncü, E. ve Küçük Kılıç, S. (April, 2019). Social connectedness, life satisfaction and subjective happiness: A research on physical education pre-service teachers. 2nd International Recreation and Sports Management Congress, Muğla.
Akgüç, O. M. (2021). An investigation of depression, automatic thoughts and self-esteem in university students according to sociodemographic variables [Unpulished master's thesis]. İstanbul Kent University.
An, H. Y., Chen, W., Wang, C. W., Yang, H. F., Huang, W. T., & Fan, S. Y. (2020). The relationship between physical activity and life satisfaction and happiness among young, middle-aged, and older adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 4817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134817
Avcı, E. (2015). Examining the relationships between faculty of education students’ socio cultural status and level of enformatic knowledges and perception of life satisfaction. [Unpulished master's thesis]. Gazi University.
Aydilek, E. (2019). Life satisfaction levels of prospective physical education teachers and attitudes towards the profession of physical education teaching [Unpulished master's thesis]. Ondokuz Mayıs University.
Ayhan, B., & Bilge, Ö. (2020). Examining the relationship between leisure attitude and life satisfaction levels of university students. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 8(3), 154-166. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS.2020.605
Aysan, F. & Bozkurt, N. (July, 2004). Life satisfaction, stress coping strategies and negative automatic thoughts of school counselors: Izmir Province Sample. XIII. National Educational Sciences Congress, Malatya.
Beck, A. T. (1964). Thinking and depression: II. Theory and therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 10, 561–571.
Beck, A. T. & Newman, C. F. (2005). Cognitive therapy. B. J. Sadock & V.A. Sadock (Eds.) Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (Vol. 2, 8th ed.) Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Money, sex and happiness: An empirical study. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 106(3), 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0347-0520.2004.00369.x
Bozkurt, N. (1998). An investigation of automatic thoughts and depression related with school achievements in high school students. [Unpulished doctoral dissertation]. Dokuz Eylül University.
Brown, J. L., MacDonald, R., & Mitchell, R. (2015). Are people who participate in cultural activities more satisfied with life? Social Indicators Research, 122(1), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0678-7
Buschmann, T., Horn, R. A., Blankenship, V. R., Garcia, Y. E., & Bohan, K. B. (2018). The relationship between automatic thoughts and irrational beliefs predicting anxiety and depression. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 36, 137-162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-017-0278-y
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi
Clark, A. E., Etile, F., Postel-Vinay, F., Senik, C., & Van der Straeten, K. (2005). Heterogeneity in reported well-being: Evidence from twelve European countries. The Economic Journal, 115(502), C118–C132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0133.2005.00983.x
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Kleiber. D. A. (1991). Leisure and self-actualization. B. L. Driver. P. J. Brown. & G. L. Peterson (Eds.). Benefits of Leisure (pp. 91-102). State College. PA: Venture Publishing.
Çolak, M., & Bilgin, Ü. (2021). Physical education, art and music pre-service teachers' life satisfaction and automatic negative thought perception. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(6), 246-258. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2021.382.17
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
Demir, R. (2017). Investigating teacher candidates’ happiness, optimism, meaning in life and life satisfaction [Unpulished master's thesis]. Gaziantep University.
Deniz, M. E. & Yılmaz, E. (July, 2004). The relationship between university students' emotional intelligence abilities and life satisfaction. XIII. National Educational Sciences Congress, Malatya.
Derinyar, T. (2022). The relationship between nomophobia, social commitment and life satisfaction: the sample of preservice physical education teacher [Unpulished master's thesis]. Trabzon University.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J, & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
Dikici, İ. (2020). The investigation of leisure time satisfaction, life satisfaction and happiness of University students who spend their leisure times in youth centres [Unpulished master's thesis]. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
Dok, B. (2018). Predictive roles of loneliness and automatic thoughts on resilience of university students [Unpulished master's thesis]. Yeditepe University.
Dolan, P., Kavetsos, G., & Vlaev, I. (2014). The happiness workout. Social Indicators Research, 119(3), 1363–1377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0543-0
Duran, S., Karadaş, A., & Kaynak, S. (2017). The relationship between automatic thoughts and academic achievement of nursing students. Kocaeli Medical Journal, 6(2), 30-37.
Fenn, K., & Byrne, M. (2013). The key principles of cognitive behavioural therapy. Innovait: Education and Inspiration for General Practice, 6(9), 579-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/1755738012471029
Fortin, N., Helliwell, J. F., & Wang, S. (2015). Well-being vary around the world by gender and age? In World Happiness Report 2015 (Ed. John Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs), 42.
Frijters, P., & Beatton, T. (2012). The mystery of the u-shaped relationship between happiness and age. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(2–3), 525–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2012.03.008
Frisch, M. B. (1994). QOLI: Quality of life inventory: Manual and treatment guide. San Antonio, TX: Pearson.
Frisch, M. B. (1998). Quality of life therapy and assessment in health care. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5(1), 19-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00132.x
Galaway, B., & Hudson, J. (Eds.). (1996). Youth in transition: Perspectives on research and policy. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.
Gerdtham, U. G., & Johannesson, M. (2001). The relationship between happiness, health, and socio-economic factors: Results based on Swedish microdata. Journal of Socio-Economics, 30(6), 553–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(01)00118-4
Graham, C., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2013). Gender and well-being around the world. International Journal of Happiness and Development, 1(2), 212-232. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2013.055648
Greenberger, D., & Padesky, C. A. (1995). Mind over Mood: a cognitive therapy treatment manual for clients. Guilford press.
Gül, Y. E. (2018). Searching of the relationship between tolerance and life satisfaction tendency of the teacher candidates [Unpulished doctoral dissertation]. Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas University.
Hamer, M., Stamatakis, E., & Steptoe, A. (2009). Dose-response relationship between physical activity and mental health: The Scottish health survey. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(14), 1111–1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.046243
Haveman, R. (2009). What does it mean to be poor in a rich society? Focus, 26(2), 81–86.
Hazır, G. (2019). Evaluation of the relation between alexithymia levels, frequency of automatic thoughts and symptom interpretation levels of university students [Unpulished master's thesis]. Sağlık Bilimleri University.
İnci, S. (2014). Prospective teachers' relationship between emotional intelligence and levels of life satisfaction is examined [Unpulished master's thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
Jafar, H. M., Salabifard, S., Mousavi, S. M., & Sobhani, Z. (2016). The effectiveness of group training of CBT-based stress management on anxiety, psychological hardiness and general self-efficacy among university students. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(6), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p47
Jovanović, V. (2017). Measurement invariance of the Serbian version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale across age, gender, and time. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000410
Kabasakal, Z. & Uz Baş, A. (2013). Problem solving skills of teacher candidates predicting of life satisfaction. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 2(1), 27-35.
Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(38), 16489–16493. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011492107
Kalender, Z. (2017). The analysis of automatic thoughts emerging with the separation anxiety in terms of types of attachment in the close relationships of undergraduate students. [Unpulished master's thesis]. Üsküdar University.
Kara, D. (2016). Relation of stress coping strategies, negative automatic thoughts and depressive symptoms in university students [Unpulished master's thesis]. Üsküdar University.
Karasar, N. (2012). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
Kaynak, M. A. (2019). The predictor roles of automatic thoughts and emotion management skills on social and emotional loneliness among university students [Unpulished master's thesis]. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University.
Kendall, P. C., Howard, B. L., & Hays, R. C. (1989). Self-referent speech and psychopathology: The balance of positive and negative thinking. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 13(6), 583-598.
Kleiber, D. A., Hutchinson, S. L., & Williams, R. (2002). Leisure as a resource in transcending negative life events: Self-protection, self-restoration, and personal transformation. Leisure sciences, 24(2), 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400252900167
Küçük Kılıç, S., Akbulut, V., Öncü, E. ve Parlak, F. (May, 2018). A study on leisure time participation, university adjustment and life satisfaction: The case of university students. International Recreation and Sports Management Congress, Muğla.
Küçük Kılıç, S., Lakot Atasoy, K., Gürbüz, B., & Öncü, E. (2016). An examination of relationship between leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction. İÜ Journal of Sport Sciences, 6(3), 56-70.
Küçük Kılıç, S., Öncü, E. ve Bozyiğit, E. (May, 2022). Perceived freedom in leisure and life satisfaction: a study on pre-service teacher. 3rd International Recreation and Sports Management Congress, Antalya.
Lelkes, O. (2006). Knowing what is good for you: Empirical analysis of personal preferences and the “objective good”. Journal of Socio-Economics, 35(2), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2005.11.002
Mahmoud, J. S., Staten, R. T., Lennie, T. A., & Hall, L. A. (2015). The relationships of coping, negative thinking, life satisfaction, social support, and selected demographics with anxiety of young adult college students. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 28(2), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12109
Mattanah, J. F., Hancock, G. R., & Brand, B. L. (2004). Parental attachment, separation-individuation, and college student adjustment: A structural equation analysis of mediational effects. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.213
Meisenberg, G., & Woodley, M. A. (2015). Gender differences in subjective well-being and their relationships with gender equality. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 1539-1555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9577-5
Miliazim Memet, N. (2022). Examination of variables affecting the entrepreneurs hip skills and life satisfaction of students member of university communities [Unpulished master's thesis]. Ondokuz Mayıs University.
Mutz, M., Reimers, A. K., & Demetriou, Y. (2021). Leisure time sports activities and life satisfaction: Deeper insights based on a representative survey from Germany. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16, 2155-2171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09866-7
Nachmias, C. F. & Nachmias, D. (1996). Research methods in the social sciences (5 ed.). New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Oruç, T. (2013). Research on the relation between loneliness and automatical thoughts of university students related with psycholosocial variables [Unpulished master's thesis]. Dokuz Eylül University.
Özmaden, M. (2019). The investigation of the relationship between university students' leisure and life satisfaction levels. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(2), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2019. 189.7
Parim, K. N. (2019). Investigation of automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes and anxiety symptoms of university students [Unpulished master's thesis]. Üsküdar University.
Recepoğlu, E. (2013). Analyzing the relationship between prospective teachers’ life satisfaction and attitudes concerning teaching profession. H. U. Journal of Education, Special Issue (1), 311-326.
Rice, R. W., Frone, M. R., & McFarlin, D. B. (1992). Work—nonwork conflict and the perceived quality of life. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 155-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130205
Rodríguez, A., Látková, P., & Sun, Y. Y. (2008). The relationship between leisure and life satisfaction: Application of activity and need theory. Social Indicators Research, 86, 163-175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-007-9101-y
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Schmiedeberg, C., & Schröder, J. (2017). Leisure activities and life satisfaction: An analysis with German panel data. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 12, 137-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9458-7
Serin, N. B., & Aydınoğlu, N. (2011). Relationships among life satisfaction, anxiety and automatic thoughts of candidate teachers. Education Sciences, 6(1), 1335-1343.
Sevilgen, M., Gülfidan, A. & Çakmak Tolan, Ö. (2023). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and automatic thoughts in university students. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education, 65, 361-386. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.1129755
Shields, M. A., & Price, S. W. (2005). Exploring the economic and social determinants of psychological well-being and perceived social support in England. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A. Statistics in Society, 168(3), 513–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2005.00361.x
Siegenthaler, K. L., & O'Dell, I. (2000). Leisure attitude, leisure satisfaction, and perceived freedom in leisure within family dyads. Leisure Sciences, 22(4), 281-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409950202302
Sigvartsen, J., Gabrielsen, L. E., Abildsnes, E., Stea, T. H., Omfjord, C. S., & Rohde, G. (2016). Exploring the relationship between physical activity, life goals and health-related quality of life among high school students: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 16, 709. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3407-0
Soyer, F., Yıldız, N. O., Demirel, D. H., Serdar, E., Demirel, M., Ayhan, C., & Demirhan, O. (2017). The investigation of the relationship between the factors that prevent university students from attending to the recreational activities and the life satisfaction of the participants. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(2), 2035-2046. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4647
Stebbins, R. A. (2005). Choice and experiential definitions of leisure. Leisure Sciences, 27(4), 349-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400590962470
Suldo, S. M., & Huebner, E. S. (2006). Is extremely high life satisfaction during adolescence advantageous? Social Indicators Research, 78, 179-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-005-8208-2
Şansal, N. (2016). Effect of smoking on automatic thoughts among university students and its relationship with depression and anxiety [Unpulished master's thesis]. Işık University.
Şirin, H. & Izgar, H. (2013). Relationship between undergraduates’ communication skills and their negative automatic thoughts. Elementary Education Online, 12(1), 254-266.
Tang, A. M., Deng, X. L., Du, X. X., & Wang, M. Z. (2018). Harsh parenting and adolescent depression: Mediation by negative self-cognition and moderation by peer acceptance. School Psychology International, 39(1), 22-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034317709066
Tercan, E. (2015). An examination of leisure participation, family assessment and life satisfaction in university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.123
Theodossiou, I. (1998). The effects of low-pay and unemployment on psychological well-being: A logistic regression approach. Journal of Health Economics, 17(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6296(97)00018-0
Tuzgöl Dost, M. (2007). Examining life satisfaction levels of university students in terms of some variables. Pamukkale University Journal of Education, 2(22), 132-143.
Tümkaya, S. & İflazoğlu, A. (2000). An investigation of automatic thought and problem solving levels of students in classroom teaching unit of Çukurova university according to some socio-demographic variables. Journal of Çukurova University Institute of Social Science, 6(6), 143-158.
Tümkaya, S., Çelik, M., & Aybek, B. (2011). Investigation of submissive behavior, automatic thoughts, hopelessness and life satisfaction of high school students. Journal of Çukurova University Institute of Social Science, 20(2), 77-93.
Warren, J. M., & Hale, R. W. (2020). Predicting grit and resilience: Exploring college students’ academic rational beliefs. Journal of College Counseling, 23(2), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12156
White, R. L., Babic, M. J., Parker, P. D., Lubans, D. R., Astell-Burt, T., & Lonsdale, C. (2017). Domainspecific physical activity and mental health: A meta-analysis. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52(5), 653–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.12.008
Winkelmann, L., & Winkelmann, R. (1998). Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data. Economica, 65, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00111
Yavuzer, Y., & Karataş, Z. (2017). Investigating the relationship between depression, negative automatic thoughts, life satisfaction and symptom interpretation in Turkish young adults. In Depression. IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/66622
Yetim, Ü. (1991). Life satisfaction in terms of organization and pattern of personal projects [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Ege University.
Yıldırım, Y. (2019). The relationship between physical activities of university students who do and do not do exercise and their levels of satisfaction with life. [Unpulished master's thesis]. Sakarya University of Applied Sciences.
Yılmaz, Y. (2015). Evaluation of automatic thoughts and mental states of the university students who will be health professionals [Unpulished master's thesis]. Ankara University.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v4i2.148
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns © 2023 by The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
